TECHNOLOGY-BASED COURSEWARE

What is Courseware?

CourseWare is an online system that makes creation, management, and use of course materials and communication among course members more effective and efficient. Among many other features, CourseWare offers the following:

• "Point-and-Click" editing for lectures and assignments, allowing any instructor in the course to easily edit any lecture or assignment
• Friendly assignment and quiz authorizing tools, offering a wide variety of question types and grading options
• A video plugin that allows you to record your own videos (whether in a large classroom, in your office, or on a tablet) with no need to edit them afterwards.
• Interactive modules, allowing you to easily add interactive exercises to your content. If your module uses video, you can easily add exercises that pop-up at controlled times in the video.

English Online Testing

There are many situs for english online course for examples:
1. Learn 4 Good
2.Easy English
3.Free Online English Grammar Test

Electronic portfolio

Definition

An electronic portfolio, also known as an e-portfolio or digital portfolio, is a collection of electronic evidence assembled and managed by a user, usually on the Web. Such electronic evidence may include inputted text, electronic files, images, multimedia, blog entries, and hyperlinks. E-portfolios are both demonstrations of the user's abilities and platforms for self-expression, and, if they are online, they can be maintained dynamically over time. Some e-portfolio applications permit varying degrees of audience access, so the same portfolio might be used for multiple purposes.

Student Portfolios

Definition: Student portfolios are collections of student work that are typically used for an alternative assessment grade in the classroom. Student portfolios can take a couple of forms. One type of student portfolio contains work that shows the student's progression through the course of the school year. For example, writing samples might be taken from the beginning, middle, and end of the school year. This can help show growth and provide teachers, students, and parents with evidence of how the student has progressed.
A second type of portfolio involves the student and/or teacher selecting examples of their best work. This type of portfolio can be graded in one of two ways. In many cases, these items are graded normally and then placed in the student's portfolio. This portfolio can then be used as evidence of student work for college and scholarship applications among other things. The other way that these types of portfolios can be graded is to wait until the end of a term. In this instance, typically the teacher has published a rubric and students collect their own work for inclusion. Then the teacher grades this work based on the rubric.

Example

LCD projector

An LCD projector is a type of video projector for displaying video, images or computer data on a screen or other flat surface. It is a modern equivalent of the slide projector or overhead projector. To display images, LCD (liquid-crystal display) projectors typically send light from a metal-halide lamp through a prism or series of dichroic filters that separates light to three polysilicon panels – one each for the red, green and blue components of the video signal. As polarized light passes through the panels (combination of polarizer, LCD panel and analyzer), individual pixels can be opened to allow light to pass or closed to block the light. The combination of open and closed pixels can produce a wide range of colors and shades in the projected image.

Connecting Computers To LCD Projectors

1. Connect the LCD to computer VGA cable
2. Turn on Projector FIRST
3. Second turn On computer must be a fresh boot
4. Send signal from computer to LCD projector this will require using the "FN" also known as the function key and an F4 or F6 or F8, etc. each computer is different just look for a picture of a monitor or the words CRT/LCD printed on a "F" key.
   Most laptops offer three video settings:
   • local video (only) - computer video is only displayed on the laptop
   • projector video (only)- computer video is 'sent' to another display device such as an LCD projector, CRT monitor, or plasma display
   • local video AND projector video - computer video is simultaneously sent to both the local laptop display, as well as being sent to another device such as an LCD projector, CRT monitor, or plasma display.
5. Focus and adjust the picture size
6. If picture doesn't appear on screen, select "reset on LCD projector", if this doesn't work repeat 1-4 again by first turning off the projector and the computer. If this fails call Jim Howell at 440-1914

Interactive whiteboard

 Interactive whiteboard at CeBIT 2007

An interactive whiteboard (IWB), is a large interactive display that connects to a computer and projector. A projector projects the computer's desktop onto the board's surface where users control the computer using a pen, finger, stylus, or other device. The board is typically mounted to a wall or floor stand.
They are used in a variety of settings, including classrooms at all levels of education, in corporate board rooms and work groups, in training rooms for professional sports coaching, in broadcasting studios and others.

Uses for interactive whiteboards may include:

• Running software that is loaded onto the connected PC, such as a web browsers or proprietary software used in the classroom.
• Capturing and saving notes written on a whiteboard to the connected PC
• Capturing notes written on a graphics tablet connected to the whiteboard
• Online whiteboard^[5]
• Controlling the PC from the white board using click and drag, markup which annotates a program or presentation
• Using OCR software to translate cursive writing on a graphics tablet into text
• Using an Audience Response System so that presenters can poll a classroom audience or conduct quizzes, capturing feedback onto the whiteboard

CD/DVD Interaktif

1. Definisi CD Interaktif
CD Interaktif merupakan sebuah media yang menegaskan sebuah format multimedia dapat dikemas dalam sebuah CD (Compact Disk) dengan tujuan aplikasi interaktif di dalamnya.
CD Interaktif adalah sebuah CD yang berisi menu-menu yang dapat diklik untuk menampilkan sebuah informasi tertentu.
Dari sini jelas bahwa sistem interaktif yang dipakai CD Interaktif sama persis dengan sistem navigasi pada internet, hanya yang berbeda di sini adalah media yang dipakai keduanya. CD Interaktif memakai media off line berupa CD sementara Internet memakai media on line.

2. Kelebihan CD Interaktif sebagai Media Pembelajaran
Media pembelajaran saat ini sudah semakin beragam, mulai dari media konvensional seperti buku dan alat peraga tradisional sampai dengan media modern audio visual berupa kaset tape, VCD (Video Compact Disk), maupun alat paraga modern lainnya. Dengan beragam media tersebut, maka suatu sistem pembelajaran yang dapat menghadirkan suasana menyenangkan mutlak diperlukan. Oleh karena itu tidak salah jika CD Interaktif merupakan salah satu alternatif media yang dapat menjawab kebutuhan tersebut.
Menurut praktisi media Augus Savara kelebihan CD Interaktif antara lain:

• Penggunanya bisa berinteraksi dengan program komputer
• Menambah pengetahuan. Pengetahuan yang dimaksud adalah materi pelajaran yang disajikan CD Interaktif
• Tampilan audio visual yang menarik

Kelebihan pertama yang menyebutkan bahwa penggunanya bisa berinteraksi dengan komputer adalah bahwa dalam CD Interaktif terdapat menu-menu khusus yang dapat diklik oleh user untuk memunculkan informasi berupa audio, visual maupun fitur lain yang diinginkan oleh pengguna. Kemudian yang kedua adalah menambah pengetahuan. Pengetahuan di sini adalah materi pembelajaran yang dirancang kemudahannya dalam CD Interaktif bagi pengguna. Kelebihan ketiga adalah tampilan audio visual yang menarik. Menarik di sini tentu saja jika dibandingkan dengan media konvensional seperti buku atau media dua dimensi lainnya. Kemenarikan di sini utamanya karena sistem interaksi yang tidak dimiliki oleh media cetak (buku) maupun media elektronik lain (film TV, audio).
Dari beberapa keunggulan CD Interaktif, dapat diketahui bahwa CD Interaktif dapat membantu mempertajam pesan yang disampaikan dengan kelebihannya menarik indera dan menarik minat, karena merupakan gabungan antara pandangan, suara, dan gerakan (Suyanto, 2003: 18).

3. CD Interaktf sebagai bagian dari Desain Komunikasi Visual
Tampilan halaman CD Interaktif merupakan sebuah proses komunikasi yang disampaikan secara visual. Kerja seorang perancang atau desainer komunikasi visual berkaitan dengan proses komunikasi sebuah materi untuk dikonsumsi oleh sekelompok target komunikan, yaitu user CD Interaktif adalah bagaimana materi tersebut dapat diterima oleh komunikan dengan efektif sesuai target yang diharapkan. Artinya reaksi yang diberikan oleh dari user CD Interaktif harus sesuai tujuan dibuatnya sistem informasi tersebut.
Desainer bertanggung jawab atas pemecahan masalah komunikasi dalam menyampaikan informasi tersebut secara fungsional, elegan, sistematis, proporsional, sederhana, dan ekonomis. Demikian halnya pada perancangan sebuah CD Interaktif.
Sebagai sebuah produk, CD Interaktif merupakan hasil pemecahan suatu masalah berdasarkan pendekatan komunikasi visual. Rancangan sebuah CD Interaktf adalah sebuah desain komunikasi visual yang ditayangkan melalui monitor yang dapat dihadirkan pada saat tertentu. Layar monitor berfungsi sebagai media komunikasi visual yang tampilannya tidak berbeda dengan desain sebuah majalah atau sebuah surat kabar (Istanto, 2001:55), sehingga kaidah-kaidah perancangan CD Interaktif adalah kaidah-kaidah yang berkaitan dengan desain komunikasi visual.

4. Elemen-elemen Perancangan CD Interaktif
Membuat halaman CD interaktif tak ubahnya membuat halaman web karena meman secara umum halaman web sama dengan halaman CD interaktif, hanya medianya saja yang berbeda. Dengan demikian hanya kaidah-kaidah yang ada pada CD Interaktif dan web adalah sama.
Seorang desainer menggunakan elemen-elemen pokok agar sebuah desain dapat secara efektif menyampaikan tujuannya. Elemen-elemen yang digunakan tersebut antara lain adalah tipografi, simbolisme, ilustrasi dan fotografi (Istanto, 2001:57). Sedangkan menurut Budi Sutedjo Dharma Oetomo (Oetomo, 2001) menyatakan ada 10 unsur yang dapat digunakan untuk merancang sebuah halaman CD Interaktif yang cantik dan artistik, yaitu huruf, warna, gambar, model kartun, foto, animasi, tiga dimensi, bentuk-bentuk geometri, tekstur, dan manusia.
Dari berbagai pendapat itu maka dapat disimpulkan ada beberapa elemen yang sangat vital dalam proses perancangan sebuah CD Interaktif yang artistik dan efektif, diantaranya adalah: tipografi, simbolisme, ilustrasi, warna, fotografi, animasi, nuansa, dan halaman depan.

The Differences Between CD and DVD

The Differences Between CD and DVD

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There are two essemtail phsical differences between CD and DVD disc.First, thesmallest DVD pits are only 0.44 micron in diameter; the equivalent CD pits are nearly twice as large, or 0.83 micron wide.And DVD data tracks are only 0.74 micron apart, wherea 1.6 microns separate CD data tracks. So although a DVD is the same size as a CD,its data spiral is upward of 11 kilometers long-more than twice the length of a CD's data spiral. To read the smallar pits, a DVD player's readout beam must achieve afiner focus than a CD player's does. Inorder to do this, it uses a readsemiconductor laser that has a wave length of 635 to 650 nanometer. In contrast, CD playrs use infrared laser with a longer wavelength of       780 nanometer. Also, DVD palyers employ a more powerful focusing lens-one having a higher numericl aperture than the lens in a CD payer.The se differences, together with the additional efficiencies of the DVD format descrobed below, account for the huge 4.7-gigayte capacity of each DVD information layer.

A DVD 's capacity can be douled to 9.4 gigabytes-and nearly doubled agaain to about 17 gigabytes- by two more innovations.Although DVDs and CDs have the same overall thickness-11.2 millimeter- DVDs possess two subtrates that can carry information' whereas CDs have one. A DVD 's substrates are bonded together so thet their pitted surfaces face each other in the center of the of the disc.This setup shields the surfaces from the danaging effects of dust particles and scratches. 

In the simplest design, the second DVD side is accessed by physically removig the disc from the palyer removing  the disc from the payer, tnrnig it over and reinserting it. An other variation-the mulilayer designenables both information surfaaces to be payer from the side of the disc.

In a mulilayer disc, the upper subsrate is coated with a partially reflective, partially trasmissive layer. The reflectivity of the upper layer is sussfficient to enable the laser to raed the pits in the upper substrate;its transmissivity also permits the beam to focus on the lower subsrate and read the pits on the in that layer. When the laser focuses on pits in the upper infformation  layer are out of focus and so do not interfere.(To accommodate  the small but unaviodable loss of payerback quality in this approach, a slight capacity reducction to 8.5 gigabyter inescessary-which expalains why a double-sided, double-layer DVD would hold about 17 gigabytes.)

Spec	CD	DVD
Diameter	12cm	12cm
Thickness	1.2mm	1.2mm(.6mm*2)
Numerical aperture	.60	.38 to .45
Readout wavelength	780nm	650 or 635nm
track pitch	1.6 micrometers	.74 micrometers
Pit length	.822 to 3.560 micrometers	.400 to 1.866 mirometers .440 to 2.054 micrometers
Capacity (per side)	650MB	4.7 GB (single layer), 8.5 GB ( daul layers)
Scanning speed	1.2 to 1.4 m/s	3.49m/s 3.84m/s
Rotational speed (1*)	200 to 500 rpm	570 to 1600 rpm
Reflectivity	70% minimum	45 to 85%
Modulation	8/14(8/17 with merge bits)	8/16
User data rate (1*)	1.41  Mbps	11.08 Mbps
Error correction	CIRC	RS-PC
Error correction overhead	23/34%	13%
Format overhead	252%	136%

An optical glue of superior quality must be  used to bond the two susrates,and the thickness, of the that must be comtrolled with precision to avoid axecessive aberrations in the focused readout spot. The two-substrate offers advantages in addition to increased capacity:it reduces  errors caused by disc tilt and warping. All cd are prone to warping, and awhen a disc's surface tilts so that it is no longer perpendicular to the laser,reading errors can result. The degree to which tilt degrades the reades spot is directly proportional to the substrate's thickness.The DVD susstrate is only 0.6 millimeter thick and so benefits the  overall dessign.The thin substrate makes the DVD less senstive to tilt to than the DC, which has a substrate that is 1.2 millimeter  thick. For other reasons, the DVD is less susceptible to certain kinds of warping and tilt in the first place.

For instance, sudden changes in temperatures or humidity can cause swelling or shrinkage in the DVD's plastic subsrates. But because of the DVD's symmetric construction,changes in  one layer tend to countrerct those in the other,reduing the overall effect of environmental chnges and minimizing the resulting amount of tilt.

Because consumers have already invested agood amount of money in their CD audio and CD-ROM collections, it was considered a top design priority thet DVD palyrs read axisting CDs as well as new disc.To make DVD payers with this ability required specific optical design features. The simplest design is to mount two lenses in a single optical head-one optimized for a 1.2 millimeter-thick substrate and another for a0.6 millimetre-thick one -and then to switch mechanincally from one to the other as needed.

A more elegant solution that emerged uses a single molded optic with a holographic element at its center.Theelement at its center.The light passing throght the outer annulus of the lens is unaffected by the hologram and focuses to a spot size in the plane small enough to be suitable for DVDreadout.About one thid of the readout beam incident onthe centralpart is focused by both the the and the hohgram to aspot suitable for reading pits on the thicker CD.